Information and Communication Technologies for Peace

At the GAID launching meeting the inclusion of ICT4Peace as area of work under the focus area of governance was accepted.

The World Summit on Informations Society in Geneva and the UN Millennium Summit recognized the crucial role of ICTs in achieving the Millennium Development goals. However, development and prosperity can only be achieved if the local situation is peaceful and stable. Peace is a necessary prerequisite to social and economic development. Throughout the world, many regions experiencing conflicts are cut off from the development opportunities. Also in recent years, we have witnessed decades-worth of excellent development work by countries and international organizations destroyed by conflict in a matter of weeks and days. The return on investing in conflict prevention, or in building lasting peace is indefinitely larger that the investments that are required to reconstruct countries and build peace after the conflict.

The Swiss Government, with the support of President Maarti Ahtisaari of Finland, launched the ICT4Peace Process in 2004 (www.ict4peace.org), which lead to publication of the research report "Information and Communication for Peace: the role of ICT in preventing, responding to and recovering from conflict". The report maps out different possible uses of ICT in the areas of early warning and conflict prevention, operations and support, mediation and reconciliation and post-conflict reconstruction and peace-building. Cross-cutting areas such as the use of the internet, the role of the media, technical development, networking and learning are also investigated. The report was published as part of the UN ICT Task Force Series. The publication of this report and the support of countries such as Finland, Pakistan, Egypt, Norway, Tunisia, Costa Rica, Mali etc., organizations such as the Francophonie and ICRC, ITU also lead to the adoption of paragraph 36 of the Tunis Commitment at WSIS 2005:

"We value the potential of ICTs to promote peace and to prevent conflict which, inter alia, negatively affects achieving development goals. ICTs can be used for identifying conflict situations through early warning systems preventing conflicts, promoting their peaceful resolution, supporting humanitarian action, including protection of civilians in armed conflicts, facilitating peacekeeping missions, and assisting post conflict peace-building and reconstruction."

This paragraph, approved by the WSIS in Tunis, can now be used as a reference for practitioners and advocates using ICT to promote peace.

Kofi A. Annan, UN Secretary-General, summarises the role of ICT in peace building as follows:

ICTs are critical tools in peacekeeping operations, including in logistics. Moreover, ICTs can help address the root causes of violent conflict. By promoting access to knowledge, they can promote mutual understanding, an essential factor in conflict prevention and post conflict reconciliation.

A panel on ICT4Peace was organized at WSIS in Tunis and included members of the UN, national government, the military, NGOs and the private sector. The panellists were:

  • Martti Ahtisaari, Former President of Finland
  • José Antonio Ocampo, UN Under-Secretary-General
  • Raymond Johansen, State Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Norway
  • Linton Wells, US Assistant Secretary of Defence
  • Dag Nielsen, Director - Ericsson Response
  • Chamindra de Silva, Director - Lanka Software Foundation

The outcome of all these activities was the strong consensus that information and communications play a key role in conflict prevention, response and recovery. The need for politically and ethically-sensitive understanding, utilization, coordination and interoperability of ICT tools in the field is as great as it is unanswered.

Objectives

The Community of Expertise therefore will address the fundamental question how ICTs can be best used for identifying conflict situations through early warning systems, preventing conflicts, promoting their peaceful resolution, mediation and reconciliation, supporting humanitarian action, including protection of civilians in armed conflicts, facilitating peacekeeping missions, and assisting post conflict peace-building and reconstruction. It will support concrete projects and operations in this field, carry out targeted networking, original research, policy development and advocacy.

Deliverables

The ICT4Peace project's overview of such a broad field was unprecedented. Political leverage was gained by exposure and examination through the WSIS process. The WSIS process was invaluable in building a wider network of contacts and creating exposure for these activities. Looking at peace and conflict issues through the prism of ICT, several areas were identified, where the leadership, expertise and advocacy provided by the Community of Expertise is essential. The community will therefore have to focus the work on those areas with a clear priority, not duplicating existing efforts, and provide a supporting role for organizations working in these areas.
The activities of the ICT4Peace project will focus on targeted networking and research projects towards policy development and advocacy.
The networking will be done both formally through meetings prepared in coordination with other organisations, and informally through personal contacts and internet-based communications. The research will focus on outstanding ICT issues faced by workers in peace and humanitarian operations, and the policy proposals and pilot projects confronting these issues.
In particular the ICT4Peace process has identified that a serious obstacle preventing the development of good practice is the communication gap between workers in the field, and between this group and policy makers at headquarters level.
Another catalytic role that is currently missing is that of encouraging and advising academic research, as well as teaching and training in ICT4Peace, and engaging in dialogue with the private sector about its possible involvement in ICT4Peace area. It may also be possible to learn a lesson from the private sector, and aim to raise seed funding for the sponsorship and incubation of novel projects that other organisations can not fund and pilot due to operational constraints.
Some of the envisaged outputs/deliverables will include among others the following items:

  • Further inventory and categorization of the actors in the field of ICT4Peace. A great deal has already been achieved in this regard, but further work on a continuous basis is a condition sine qua non for a comprehensive and authoritative
  • contribution to networking and research activities. Entities and individuals that will be included are Governments, Intergovernmental Organisations, NGOs, Civil Society Organisations, business companies, academic institutions, media organizations and individuals. Special attention will be given to the operational actors in the field as well as those at the HQ policy- and decision-making levels, suppliers of equipment, software and service, providers of ICT4Peace websites etc.

  • Policy Outreach, awareness creation, networking in the field of ICT4Peace
  • Creation of a High Level Expert Group on ICT4Peace
  • Research programme based on the recommendations of the ICT4Peace report
  • Organisation of a high level international Conference to discuss and validate research outcome ending with specific operational and policy recommendations.
  • Deployment of the High Level Expert Group members, Government representatives and key decision-makers as well as high level personalities from NGOs and Business to turn UN, Governments, IGOs' attention to policies developed through this process and get their support.
  • Academic outreach and cooperation + development of teaching modules in the the field of ICT 4Peace

In order to achieve the overall objectives, there is a need and a demand for policy and outreach, awareness creation and networking in the field of ICT4Peace. This will be done in one-to-one meetings with key actors and decision-makers from Governments, IGOs, NGOs and Civil Society, Business and Media, and through participation in international conferences, panels, workshops, etc.

Lead organization

ICT4Peace Foundation

Focal Point

Partners

1. Crisis Management Initiative, Finland
2. ICT for Peace Building - Infoshare, Sri Lanka
3. Interpeace Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland

Network Type

Community of Expertise

Area of Focus

Governance
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